Control of electric motors.



'Nm 838,315. l APATENTED DEG. llv, 1906.

W. GEIPBL & F. M. T. LANGE.

A*CONTROL OF ELECTRIC MOTORS.

APPLIOATIONTILBD JAN.15. 1906.

6 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

MQW

EATENTED'DEG. 11, 1906.

W.l CBIPBL C P. M. TfL'ANCB.

CONTROL CP ELECTRIC MOTORS- APPLICATION FILED TARN-.21906.

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W. GBI'PEL E F. M. T. LANGE.

CONTROL OF ELEOTRIO MOTORS.

l APPLICATION HPBD JAN.15,11906.

Pyr?.

6 SHEETS-SHBET 3..

PATENTBD DEO. 11, 1906V y No.l 338,315.

I PATE-1111111 DEC.11,1906. W. GVEIPBL & F. M. T. LANGE. 1

0011131101 011 ELECTRIC MOTORS.

APPLICATION FILED J'AN. 15. 1906.; l

' ssanTs-SHBET 4.

l in e 17 M V n 07 "-PATENTEDDEC. 11, 1906. W. GEIPEL & F. M. T. LANGE.

CONTROL 0F ELECTRIC MOTORS.

APPLICATION FILED JAN.15. 1906.

/f a MW f nire WILLlAhg/iY GElPEL AND FREDERICK MONTAGUE TOWNSHENDLANGE, OF

SOUTHVVARK, ENGLAND.

CONTROL OF ELECTREC MOTORS.

Specification. of Letters Patent.

Patented Dec. 11, 1906.

Application led Janiiary 15, 1906. Serial No. 296.098.

To aZZ whom it may concern:

Be it known that we,iWiLL1AM GEIPEL and FREDERICK MoN'rAeUn TowNsnnNDLANGE, subjects of the King of Great Britain and Ireland, residing atSouthwark, in the county of London, England, have invented linprovementsin or Relatingto the Control of Electric Motors, of' which the followingis a specification.

This-invention of improvements in or relating to the Ycontrol ofelectric motors has reference more particularly to the provislon oi'means whereby the starting of electric motors can be etl'ected in aneasier and more effective manner than is now usually the case.

The invention is particularly applicable for use in the starting ofmotors that are eni- "ployed to drive heavy machinery, such asprinting-machines and gun-turrets, which require the expenditure of aconsiderable amount of energy to impart the initial turning movementthereto.

' In the ordinary practice et starting a motor that is required at'Iirst to run slowly, as is necessary, for example, with aprintingmachine when making ready, the workman moves the handle of therheostat over thc Contacts until the current is suilicient to impart arotary motion to the armature. li' the handle is maintained on thecontact onto which it has been moved to start u p the motor, the motorwill accelerate. ',lhis acceleration is not always desired, and tokeepthe motor turning at a slow speed-the workman has to move therheostat-handle backward toward the zero position in order to preventacceleration. This method of starting an electric motor is one that itis not always con-I venient to adopt in practice, and the presentinvention has for object to overcome the objections that pertain to sucha method. F or this purpose, according to this invention, a rheostaticdevice is 'novided and so arranged that when the handle or contact-makeris moved from the zero or oil' position the number of volts impressed onthe motor-ar- .,mature is such that the motor can exert a comparativelylarge torque which will cause a kick or impulse to be imparted to thearmature, the torque being immediately rc- ;-duced by the continuedmovement ol' the handle or contact-makcr in a forward direction and thenumber of volts impressed the motor-armature reduced.

In the accompanying illustrative drawings,

Figure 1 is a diagrammatic view of the invention applied in its simplestform. Figs. 2

tol 6 are diagrammatic views of modied arrangements and show theinvention applied in connection with motors controlled in the mannerdescribed in the specification of Patent No. 463,802, dated November24,-

1891, granted to Harry W. Leonard, and in the specification of PatentNo. 797,889, dated August 22, 1905, granted to us and G. W. Mascord.

Referring to Fig. l, a and b are mains that lead from any suitablesource of power and from which energy is taken to' drive the motor c c',which is shown as an ordinary shunt-wound machine. The motor isconnected on one side directly to the main b and is on the other sideconnected to the main a through a rheostatie device. This rhe'ostaticdevice comprises a hand-operated controlling-lever d, a contact e, aplurality of main contact-blocks f, and a supplementary contact f, overwhich the lever d can be moved. Contact c is connected to the motorheld-winding c', and the contact-blocksf are connected to themotor-armature c, the contact blocks f being connected together throughinterposed resistances g and the contact c being electrically connectedto the first of the main contact-blocks The supplementary contact-blockf is connected by a lead h to one ot the main contact-blocksf in advancethereof. 'lhe arrangement is such that when the lever d is moved fromthe ofi position it will iirst close the motor {ield-circuit and thenthe armature-circuit. In closing the latter circuit only a part of theresistance controlled by the lever d will be placed iu circuit and theamount of resistance thus placed in circuit will be such as will enablea torque to be produced that will impart an impulse or kick to thearmature c sullicient to set it in motion. The continued motion of thelever d will cause it to pass from oil' the supplementary contact-blockfonto-thc first of the main contact-blocks f. This motion will place thewhole of the resistance in series with the armature c and the torquewill then be reduced to that necessary to keep' 'the armature turningvery slowly. The speed 'of' IOO the motorisincreased as usual byadvancing moved over a series ol contacts a, each o'll the lever-doverthe contact-blocks] until all g which 1s connected b y a Ilead c to oneet' the the resistances g have been cut out of circuit.

-It-wilhalso be seen that with this arrangement it is possible to movethe motor round very easily to only a small extent at a time. This isaccomplished by imparting to the motor armature a series ofcomparatively strong impulses or kicks and is etl`ected by moving thelever d onto the supplementary contact-blockf and then back tothe otl'position, and so on.

In the larrangements shown diagrammatically in Figs. 2 to 6, inclusive,the rheostatic device is shown as inserted in the field-circuit kl ofIthe generator 7c of a motor-generator cc, that is used to drive themotor c c either in themanner described 1n Leonards formerspecification, No. 463,802, of 1891., or in our and Mascords formerspecification, (No. 797,889, of'1905, hereinbefore referreo to.

Referring now to Fig. 2, s s are ordinary main-switches, and Zrepresentsan orcinary motor-starting switch for the motor 7c of themotor-generator. It will be understood that with this arrangement whenthe switches s s are closedv the field'c/ will be excited and when theswitch Z is operated the motor-generator will startrunning. The effectof then closing the generator field-circuit k2 by moving the lever donto the supplementary contact ff ofthe rheostatic device (Zff g h willbe to cause the generation of a fairly strong magnetic i'ield, whichwill in its turn cause the impression of a corresponf ingly strongelectromotive force upon the armatnrec of the motor c c, with the resultthat the said armature will have a starting impulse or kick impartedthereto. The next movement of the lever d in a forward cirectionl willreduce the strength ofthe generator-field tl and the electromotive forceimposed on the armature c so as to be sullicient only to keep thearmature c turning lvery slowly, as before explained. Sometimes thegenerator-field fL may be shuntefi in the usual manner in order toobviate or` reduce. the inductive sparkl which may occur when the leverd is moved from the contact-blockf to the oli' position.

Fig. 3 is a development ol" the arrangement diagrammatically shown inFig. 2. in this arrangement the rheostatic device f/fj" g is providedwith means h v which the strength ol the starting impulse or lticltimparted to the motor may be varied. 'lhis zu'- rangement is speciallyapplicable for use in connectiouwith motors that are used todriveprinting-machines and other machines in which the amount ol` energy thatis retluircty to impart thc starting impulse or lticlt' may var ln thearrangement shown llre coutact-block yl instead oll being ircctivconnecled to one of the contact-blocksj 1n aty Vance tlun'eot, as inFigs. l und 2, is connectcontact-bloehsfot the rhcostatic device. .Ly

suitably placing the contact-arm m on one or other of the contacts nythe strength ol the impulse or kick imparted l o the motor c can be madestronger o r weaker, as desired or as may be found necessary. l

ln the modiiication shown in Fig. si the hand-operated controlling-leverd (shown in Figs. l?, 2, and'S) is dispensed with, and there is used inlieu thereof a contact-arm d, that is moved over the contacteblocks ffoi the rheostatic device by the longitudinal movement of an iron core'O.This tiren core is caused to move endwise in one or other direction byone or other ol' two solenoidsiiior N, the circuit of which is closedacross the mains a b by the movement of a contact-arm D, connected toone main-viz., b-Tonto one orother of two contacts` 1 or 2, that are.respectively connected, .through` the solenoics M and N, to the other.main a. `The arrangement is shown as proviced with the. dev m n ohereinbe'liore tiesrribed vtor regulating the strength of the impulse orkick.

F ig. 5 shows a further development of the invention. In thisarrangement the iinpulse or kick is imparted by a hand-operated switchindependently of the solenoioally-operat-ed controller. The contact-armD is so arranged that when moved in the eirection of the contact 2 itwill come in' contact wi "fr contact p, that is connected by a lead to acontact r. On this contact r is aY apted te bear the contact-arm (Z,which at the same time bears upon ,the supplementary contact f',connected by a conductor-q to the arm m of the. impulse-regulatingdevice lm. n o. s is an eccentric that can be turned into either of twopositions. In the position Vshown in l'ull lilies the contact-arm D3 canonly be n'toved into connection with .the contact p. By moving thecontact-arm D3 onto and cli this contact p a series of impulses or kickscan he imparted to the motor. Nhen the eccentric s is moved into itsother position, (shown in dotted lines,) the contact-'arm D can bemovefl, so as to rest upon the contact '2. As the arm D3 moves over thecontact p an impulse or kick will be imparted to the motorarmature a',and when the contact-arm i); moves onto thecontact 2 the solenoid N willhe excite l, and the iron core t) will be moved to tlze right',thusinserting the lull resistance y.inl o the generator field-circuit,the resistance l l i being gra ually reduced as thc core econlinues tomove to the right.

Fig. o shows another modification of the invention according to whichthe generatorlield is varied b v means of a potentiometer resistance. lnthis arrangement the resistances f/ ol' the rheostatic device are placeddirect l across the mains (L l), and the contact c 65- ed to acontact-ann WL, that is adapted to be ol' such device is directlyconnected. to one the contact-blocks f, as shown invFig. 6. .4,0

endlof the -field-windings-c2 of the enerator Iostatic device.

'contact 2 and the solenoid N will be excited lsistances will begradually cut out by the lc of the motor-generator 7c k. Theand-operated contact-arm comprises two parts D3 D4, insulated the onefrom the other, and the arm is so arranged that when moved in thedirection of the contact 2 one part thereofviz., D4-Will rst come incontact with a pair of contacts p t, which are respectively connected byleadsg and u to the contact-arm m ofthe impulse-regulating device m n oand to' the supplementar contact-block fof the rhecircuit will thus bevclosed across the mains a b through the generator field-winding k2 byway ofthe contacts e rlj", conductor fa, contacts t d4 p, conductor q,impulse-regulating device m n o, and resistances g and an impulse orkick will be imparted to the motor-armature c. When the contactarm D D*is moved onward, the part D3 thereof will come into connection with theso as to actuate the core 0 and cause the contact-arm "to move endwiseover the contact-blocksa'nd contact e, whereby the generatorfield-winding k2 will at first be put in circuit across the mains (L ,bthrough the whole ofthe resistanees g,after which such removement of thearm d to the right, as in the other arrangements hereinbeforedescribed.- l Instead of connecting each of the contacts n of theimpulse-regulating device by a separate conductor o to a separate maincontactblock f, as in Figs. 3, 4, and 5, the several contacts n may be.connected together throu h resistances n and only the last of them econnected by a conductor o to one of l`What we claim 1s- 1.. ,Forstarting and control-ling an electric motor, a rheostatic device havinga resistance the starting and forward ends of which are arranged remotefrom each other, and means whereby a portion ofsuch resistancelextending from the starting end thereof toward the full-speed end can beput out of effective action at the moment of starting.

2. For starting and controlling an electric motor, l.a rheostatic devicehavin a resistance the starting and full spee ends of which are ainangedremote from each other, and means whereby a'portion of such resistanceextcndin from fthe starting e'lid thereof toward the in l-speed end canbe short-circuited at the moment of starting. 1 I

3. ln a rheostatic device, the combination with a resistance thereinhaving 'its startingl and l'iill speed ends remote..f'roiii each other,`ol' means whereby a'variable portion ol' such resistance can. be piitout of' efl'ective action" at the moment ol'stariing,

`l. ln a i'heostalic device., the combination with a plurality ol' fixedcontacts with intei'- i posed resisiances, the first and last contacts lbeing remote from each other, and a movi able contact device arranged tomove successively over said contacts from the starting contact to thefull-speed contact, of means whereby more of the resistance can be pu'tout of effective action at the moment of starting than will be put outof action immediately after the moincnt'of starting.

5. In a rheostatic device, the combination with a plurality of fixedcontacts with interposed resistances, the first and last contacts beingremote from each other, and a movable contact device arranged to movesuccessively over said contacts from the starting contact to thefull-speed contact, of means whereby a variable number` of saidresistances can be put'out of effective action at the moment ofstarting.

6. In a rheostatic device, the combination with a plurality of fixedcontacts with interposed rcsistances and a movable contact arranged towork over said fixed contacts, of' means for placing said movablecontact in connection with a fixed contact in advance of the first oneat the moment ofstarting.

7. In a rheostatic device, theconibination with a plurality of fixedcontacts with inter.- posed resistances and a movable contact arrangedto work over said fixed contacts, of

means for placing said movable contact in connection with any one ofseveral of the fixed contacts in advance of the first one at the momentof starting.

8. In a rheostatic device, the combination ,with a pluralityif-ffixedcontacts with interposed resistances, arid-a movable Contact arranged towork over said fixed contacts and cut out the successive rsistances, ofan electric circuit arranged to bridge a number of able contact at themoment of starting.

9. In a rhcostatic device, the combination with a plurality of fixedcontacts with interposed resistances, and a movable contact arranged towork over said fixed contacts and cutout the successive resistanccs, ofan electric circuit adapted to bridge a variable number of theresistances and to be closed by said movable contact at the moment ofstarting.

10. 'In a rheostatic device, the combination with a plurality of' fixedcontacts with interposed resistances, and a movable. con-` tact arrangedto work over said fixed eontacts, of a supplementary coiitiict arrangedat the rearof and separate from the first fixed contact connected to theresistances :ind so as to make connection with said movable eoiitact,and meaiis'tor connecting said supplementiiry contact to a fixed contactin iidvance ot the first one.

Il. ln a rheostiitic device, the combination with a plurality of" fixedcontacts with interposed resistaiices, and a movable con tact arrangedto w'oih .over said fixed contacts, of a siipplenientary contiiet.arranged the resistances and to be closed by the movllO at the rearrofvan'd'separate f'rom'the first fixed contact connected'tothe'resistances and so as -to make' connection With said! movableconvwith interposed rsistances, and a movable contact arranged to Workover-said main contacts and cutout the successi-veresistances, of asupplement-'ary contact arranged at the rear of thefi-rst main contact,a number of addition-al. supplementary contacts separately connected tomain contacts in advanceof the first Vone,I and a second vmovablecontact adapted yto be connected to the first-mentioned supplementarycontact and to be moved into connection With any one of the additionalsupplementary contacts.

13. For controlling an electric motor, the combination with amainelectric motor, a motor-generat'oiior starting and controlling thearmature of said .main motor, and Aelectricsupply mains, of a rheostaticdevice comprising a resistance adapted to be placed in the circuit ofthe generator iield-wmding of the motor-generator which is connected to'one of said supply-mains, a movable contact adapted to be connected tothe other main and to gradually cut out said resistance When movedsulliciently in relation thereto, and means whereby at the momentof'starting',l a portion `of said resistance will be out ofei'lectiveaction.

14. F or controlling` an electric motor, the

combination with 'a main electric motor, a

motor-generator for starting and controlling the armature ol said mainmotor, and electric-supply mains, of a r-heostatic device oomprising aresistance adapted to be placed across the mains through the generator'fieldwinding of the motor-generator, a movable coma lt i or graduallycuttingout said resistance, and means whereby said movable -contact canbe connected to said resistance at a point -betwccn its ends at themoment of starting, said contact afterward acting by continued movement,to place the Whole of the resistance in circuit and then to graduallyreduce the amount thereof in circuit.

1'5. For controllingr an electric motor, the combination with a mainelectric motor, a motor-generator for starting and controlling' thearmature of said main motor, and electric-supply mains, of a rheostaticdevice comprising a plurality of fixed main contacts with interposedresistances that are adapted to be placed in the circuit of thegenerator field-winding of lthe motor-generator which is connected toone of the said supply-mains, a supplementary contact arranged at the'rear of thc iirst main. contact and adapted to be connected to a contactin advance of'the first main contact, and a movable contact forconnection with the other supply-main and arranged so that at startingitnill iirst make connection with the supplementary contact andafterward, by continued movement,y with thesuccessive main contacts.

16. For controllingl an electric motor, the combination with a mainelectric motor, a motor-generator for starting and controlling -thearmature of said main motor, and electric-supply mains, of a rheostaticdevice coinl risinOV a luralit of fixed main contacts withinterposedresistances that are adapted to be placed in the circuit ofthe generator field-winding of the motor-generatorwhich is connected toone of the said supply-mains, a supplementary contact arranged at therear of the first main contact, additional supplementary contactsseparately connected to main contacts 'in advance of theiirst one, a

movable contact connected to -the'irst-mfenlcombinationwith a mainelectricmotona motor-generator for starting and controlling the armatureof said main motor, and electric-supply mains, of a r'heostatic devicecomprising a plurality of iixed contacts With in- Iterposed resistancesadapted to be placed in the circuit of the generator held-Winding of themotor-generator, a movable contact adapted to form part of said circuitand by movement'to'gradually cut out said resistances, means adapted tocut out a portion of said resistances at the'moment of starting, adouble-acting electromagnetic device for moving` said movable contactalternately in opposite directions, and means for controlling` themovement of said electromagnetic device.

18. For controllingr an electricmotor, `the combination with a mainelectric motor, a motor-generator for starting 4and controlling thearmature of said main motor,i and' electric-supply mains, of a rheostatcomprising a plurality of fixed main contacts withinterposed-rcsistances connected at one end to the held-Winding of thegenerator portion of said motor-generator Which is connected to one oi'-said supply-mains, a rfixed contact-bar connected to the othersupply-main, a supplementary fixed contact arranged at the rear of andseparate from the lirst main contact, additional supplementary contactsseparately connected to main contacts in advance of the first one, amovable contact connected to the first-mentioned supplementary contactadapted to belbrought into connection Wlth any one of the`additionalsupplementary contacts, anotherstationary lOO contact, meanswhereby the latter Contact 13o ease-15 can be connected7 at will, to thesupply-main to Wliicli said contact-bar is connected, ay second movablecontact adapted at starting to connect the lest-mentioned, stationarycontact to the inst-mentioned supplementary conta-ct,l e pair ofsolenoids with movable core connected to said second movable contact,and means whereby the circuit of either of seid solenoids can be closed,at will, across seid supply-mains.

19. For controlling an electric motor, the combination with e mainelectric inotor, a motor-'generator for starting and controlliner thearmature of seid main inotor, and elcctric-supply mains, of e rheostctcomprising :L plurality ci, iixed mein contacts with interoosedresistences connected et one end to the ield-winding of the generatorportion of seid motor-generator which is connected to one oi said sriI.ply-iiiairisJ a fixed contact-bar connected to the other supply-main, asupplenientaryxed contact errang-cd et the rca-r of and separate fromthe iirst main contact, additional supplementary contacts sepa.- ratel'yconnected to main contacts in advance ot tlie first one a movablecontact connected to the nist-mentioned supplementary Contact andadapted to be brought into connection Willi any one of the additionalsupplement-ary contacts, another stationary con tact. a. second movablecontact adapted at sterling to connect tlie'lest-mentioned stationarycontact to the first-mentioned supplrmcniary contact, a 'pair ofsolcnoids with movable core connected to seid second inevablo contact,and a switch device lhaving' a nim` able contact whereby said stationaryi l i i l l i l l l l i l i i l contact cen be coiniected to tliesupply-mein to Wlncli said contact-ber is connected, and

f Wlicrebj,T the circuit of either of' the solenoids can be closedacross said meins. l

20. in a. rheostatic device, the combination Witli a resistance deviceand a movable contact whereby successive portions of said resistance canbevcut out ot circuit, of a euppleinentziry circuit arranged to beclosed by said movable' contact at starting end Whereby said contactwill then be connected to an intermediate part of" said resistance, andan adjustable impulse-reguleting device located in said circuit.

2i. For controlling` an electric motor, tlie combination with a mainelectric motor, c motorwenerctor for starting and controlling thearctial'iue ol seidmain motor, and electricsupply mains, of arlieostetic device comprising' arosistzince adapted to be placed acrossthe incins tlnougl'i the generator 'tield-Winding` cf themotor-generator, a movable contact for gradually cutting' out saidri'sistance, a Supsaid movable contact at starting; and Whereby seidcontact can then'be connected'to said resistance between theends'tiiereof, and en adjustable impulse-r egulatingjr device located insaid circuit.

Signed at London, England, this 20th dav of December, 1905.

l'llllil-lll GElPEl). FREDERCK MON'IAGUE l i TOWNSHENU LANGE.

W'itnesses:

H. D. JAMESON, F. L. RAND.

6o plernentary circuit arranged to be closed by-

